There are many different jobs in
the field of fiber optics, in many different types of organizations. Each has
unique requirements and requires different educational backgrounds.
Installation
Probably the largest number of
jobs is represented by installers who build fiber optic networks. Installers
must have experience in the process of pulling cables, joining, finishing and
testing. Requires more manual dexterity than other jobs, as well as a basic
knowledge of how systems work. In addition, installers work with specialized
equipment, such as casting joints, OLTS and OTDR, which require in-depth
knowledge of their operations and an understanding of how to interpret the test
results.
Workers who install fiber optic
networks over the telephone, surveillance, CCTV and CATV do much of their
outdoor work (what we call outside the factory - OSP facilities), addressing
the climate all year round. Sometimes they use large machines that dig ditches
and lay and / or pull cables, as well as bucket trucks. Then they bring the
ends of the cables to special trucks or trailers, where the cable lengths are
joined and tested.
Outdoor facility installations
(OSPs) generally require more hardware (and greater knowledge of test tools and
equipment). Pullers, splicers, OTDRs and even junction vans are the tools most
used by OSP contractors.
Local cabling technologies
install cables inside buildings for computer networks, security systems and
other building management systems. IT and security networks use a lot of fiber
installed inside buildings. Room cabling technologies often install complete
structured cabling systems that include copper (often called "Cat 5")
and fiber, in addition to providing connections and sometimes installing
wireless access points.
The installation cables are
routed through conduits or placed on walkways and then terminated in the
communication rooms. Local installers may have experience in electricity, so a
contractor can install power and communication cables. Local installers may
only need a termination kit to connect the connectors and a simple test kit for
installation. Working above the ceiling or in offices or communication rooms
packed with telecommunications is the norm.
FTTH technicians install fiber
from local areas directly in the house. Some use standard OSP installation
practices and others install pre-terminated cables that only require connection
to network equipment.
FOA certifications focus on
installation work: CFOT certifications (certified fiber optic technician), CPCT
(wiring technician for certified installations) and various CFOS certifications
(certified fiber optic specialist).
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Education / teaching
Optical fibers, like any
fast-growing technology, need well-trained workers. Some of these workers are
trained in technical schools, both in high schools and universities, where
general courses prepare you for almost all aspects of optical fiber. Some are
formed by specialized schools in adult education, generally focused on specific
applications, such as the underground installation of telecommunication cables
from underground systems, in which the instructors generally have experience in
the sector. All of these programs need qualified teachers. A qualified teacher
will know the material you are teaching, preferably from personal experience,
and will have the necessary skills to teach it to students. Since all training
includes practical seminars for developing skills in relevant processes, it is
important that a teacher has these skills and knows how to teach them to
others.
Fiber Optic Component and System Designers
Most of those who design fiber
optic components have at least a degree. For components like connectors, it
would be in mechanical engineering. Optical components, such as fibers, require
knowledge of optics and materials; many designers will have training in
physics, chemistry or materials. If you want to develop lasers or
photodetectors, you must have experience in solid state physics. The
transceiver design involves a combination of electronic components and optical
fibers.
Fiber optic system designers are
generally electronic engineers who are familiar with digital communication
systems. Fiber optic components are used as integrated circuits to develop these
communication systems.
Manufacturing Fiber Optic Components and Systems
Installations where fiber optic
components (fiber, cable, connectors, hardware, tools or test equipment) are
manufactured require highly skilled workers. They can use multimillion-dollar
machines that manufacture precision components and use sophisticated tools to
test product quality.
Production jobs will have
different requirements, depending on the technical nature of the job. Some
require manual skills, while others may require advanced technical education to
understand complicated production processes and ensure proper operation.
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